Recent statistics by the "WHO" a few days ago that two million people die each year from air pollution suggest as a result of polluted air inhaling gases and Palmalqat or small particles in indoor and outdoor air and the resulting air pollution, many of the pollutants and gases exotic and harmful.
It is worth mentioning that the sum of these particles, which are called "PM10" is a particle with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, which can access to the lungs and enter the bloodstream, and is capable of causing heart disease, lung cancer, asthma and acute infections of the lower respiratory tract. And have, in some countries, the measurements relate to smaller particles, such as PM2.5, has identified the principles of the World Health Organization guidelines for annual average air which should not be exceeded with regard to the quality of those particles, which is 20 micrograms per cubic meter in, but the data released today show that it averaged in some cities 300 ug / m3.
Polluted air definition harmful to human health:
Is the air that has a solid, liquid or gaseous materials extraneous quantities lead to damage directly or indirectly to human health.
Sources of air pollution
Air pollution sources are divided into two main sources:
Natural sources:
It sources that are not entered by a human (rising from the soil and volcanic gases, forest fires and storms, and the output of the wind) dust and these sources are usually limited and the harm is not serious.
Non-natural sources:
It is caused by human or cause a dangerous occurrence of previous concern and attention as components become many and varied and caused an imbalance in the natural composition of the air as well as in the ecological balance.
And has released "World Health Organization" days since an unprecedented set of air quality data which show that air pollution was, in many cities, dangerous levels threaten the health of people. These data are derived from the city of about 1,100 located in 91 countries, including the capitals and cities are home to more than 100,000 residents.
The following is a brief mention the key findings contained in the new data set:
• Continuous rise in pollution levels harmful gases and fine particles are common in many urban areas. Which arises from the burning of fuel sources, such as power plants and vehicles equipped with older engines or running on diesel "fuel oil."
• exceeds the annual average exposure to the vast majority of the population in urban areas of the particles PM10 maximum level recommended in the principles of the World Health Organization guidelines for air quality and the 20 micrograms / m3. Unfortunately, there is now in general, only a few of the cities that meet the values contained in the guidelines mentioned.
• It is estimated that the number of premature deaths that could be caused by outdoor air pollution reached, in 2008, more than 1.34 million deaths. Had been met WHO guidelines at the global level it is possible to prevent about 1.09 million deaths in that year. Has seen the number of deaths that can be air pollution caused by the increase in cities compared to the estimated number registered in 2004 of 1.15 million deaths. And there is a link between the increase in deaths that can be attributed to air pollution in cities and urban areas and between recently recorded increases in the concentrations of air pollution in the urban population.
She said, "Dr Maria Neira," Director of Public Health and Environment Department of the World Health Organization:
"The air pollution of the major environmental health issues and we must make further efforts to reduce the health burden caused by it. If we monitor and manage the environment properly we will be able to reduce the number of people suffering from heart disease, lung cancer, respiratory diseases.
Notably, in all parts of the world, that urban air is often thick and has a steam or saturated with toxins and emitted from the old transport mechanisms or those working on diesel smoke also contains soot "saturated black coal-fired air" resulting from heavy machinery and factories and plants nearby power generation of cities. In many countries, there are no laws regulating air quality and there, in those countries where such laws exist, large differences between national standards and mechanisms to enforce them. "
Raise awareness of the health risks caused by air pollution
I have called "the World Health Organization" to raise awareness of the health risks caused by air pollution in metropolitan areas and to strict control by the governments and people of those cities and not to be tolerated for any activity which causes damage to the air, which Istnhqoh, and to implement effective policies and monitor the prevailing situation closely . It is expected to contribute to reducing the annual average of PM10 particles from 70 micrograms / m 3 to 20 micrograms / m3 in reducing the mortality rate by 15%, which is a great asset in the field of public health. But in places with higher levels of pollution that the average annual cut would be less effective in reducing the mortality rate, but it also will return significant health benefits.
He said, "Dr. Carlos role" interventions and health environments in public health and the environment management WHO Coordinator, "The solutions for the settlement of outdoor air pollution in cities, the problems will be different according to the relative contribution of pollution sources, and the stage of its development, the local terrain. It is imperative that the cities of use the information contained in the wHO database to monitor the situation in the field of air pollution trends to be able to identify effective interventions and improved and strengthened. "
Factors that contribute significantly to air pollution:
Among the most important factors that contribute to outdoor air pollution in cities, and in developed and developing countries alike:
• The transport provider or the old engines that run on diesel "fuel oil"
• small and large factories near cities, especially cement plants.
• burning of waste of all kinds.
• power plants.
• quarries and crushers nearby cities of stone.
• agricultural activity and the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers origin.
• population activity which concerns the remnants of the houses of gaseous and solid and liquid materials.
I have said a few days ago, "Dr. Michael Krizanowski" President of the European WHO Centre for Environment and Health of the object in Bonn, Germany, including the following:
"Local actions, national policies and international agreements represent all means necessary to reverse the trend of pollution and limit the spread of health effects on a large scale. The chest of data from air quality monitoring enables us to identify the areas most needed to the procedures in this area and we can also assess the effectiveness of policies and procedures that have been implemented. "
Disposal methods and prevention of air pollution:
1. obliging all factories in the (private and public) to establish units filtering and processing of gas or dust Makhlavadtha Oasalbh or liquid.
2. The use of unleaded and diesel sulfur-free gasoline.
3. monitor all private transport, public and ensure the safety of its engines and fuel burning properly.
4. The removal of all the cities and factories for accommodation.
5. Sewage Treatment modern scientific means.
6. The use of clean energy alternative to fossil fuels (coal, fuel oil ..).
7. Use of pesticides and fertilizers with organic source and not chemical.
8. Monitoring of the old factories and contaminated Taattoerha productivity techniques and events.
9. Increase wooded areas within cities, which must not be less than 40% of the area of the city, in addition to the cultivation of green belts surrounded by.
10. not to give any new industrial license to Aatakid conditions to maintain the safety of human health and the environment.
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